1 Samuel 14:12

Authorized King James Version

And the men of the garrison answered Jonathan and his armourbearer, and said, Come up to us, and we will shew you a thing. And Jonathan said unto his armourbearer, Come up after me: for the LORD hath delivered them into the hand of Israel.

Word-by-Word Analysis

וַיַּֽעֲנוּ֩

H6030

answered

properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,

אַנְשֵׁ֨י

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

הַמַּצָּבָ֜ה

H4675

of the garrison

a military guard

אֶת

H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

יֽוֹנָתָ֜ן

H3129

And Jonathan

jonathan, the name of ten israelites

וְאֶת

H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

נֹשֵׂ֤א

H5375

and his armourbearer

to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative

כֵלָ֗יו

H3627

something prepared, i.e., any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר

H559

and said

to say (used with great latitude)

#10

עֲלֵ֣ה

H5927

Come up

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

#11

אֵלֵ֔ינוּ

H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

#12

וְנוֹדִ֥יעָה

H3045

to us and we will shew

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

#13

אֶתְכֶ֖ם

H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

#14

דָּבָ֑ר

H1697

you a thing

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

#15

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר

H559

and said

to say (used with great latitude)

#16

יֽוֹנָתָ֜ן

H3129

And Jonathan

jonathan, the name of ten israelites

#17

אֶל

H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

#18

נֹשֵׂ֤א

H5375

and his armourbearer

to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative

#19

כֵלָיו֙

H3627

something prepared, i.e., any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)

#20

עֲלֵ֣ה

H5927

Come up

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

#21

אַֽחֲרַ֔י

H310

after

properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)

#22

כִּֽי

H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

#23

נְתָנָ֥ם

H5414

hath delivered

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

#24

יְהוָ֖ה

H3068

me for the LORD

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

#25

בְּיַ֥ד

H3027

them into the hand

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

#26

יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

H3478

of Israel

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 1 Samuel. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 1 Samuel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

In what ways does understanding divine sovereignty in its original context challenge or deepen contemporary Christian thinking about salvation?
How does the salvation theme in this verse connect to the overarching narrative of Scripture, and what does this reveal about God's character and purposes?
In what ways does this verse's emphasis on divine sovereignty address religious pluralism and questions about the necessity of Christ, and how should the church respond?

Related Resources

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